If you want to understand systems—economic, social, cultural—you eventually have to get a little metaphysical.

Not in a robe-and-incense way.

In a first-principles way.

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the underlying structure of reality: being, knowing, cause, identity, time, space.

It’s what you reach for when surface explanations stop working.

When “because people are greedy” or “that’s just how it is” no longer explains the pattern, metaphysics asks a more useful question:

What kind of system produces this outcome?

What do the wealthy, the sun, and popular kids have in common—and why should you care?

They attract things.

More precisely, they attract and accumulate information.

The sun has accumulated the most matter in the solar system.

The wealthy have accumulated the most money in the economy.

Popular kids have accumulated the most social connections in a school.

Different domains. Same pattern.

This is the 80/20 rule in action: roughly 20% of nodes in a network account for 80% of the outcomes.

It’s not a moral judgment.

It’s a distribution pattern—and once you see it, you start seeing it everywhere.

The U.S. National Research Council defines network science as the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena.

That sounds complicated. It isn’t.

At the core, networked systems tend to follow a few simple rules.

Rule one: nodes compete to collect points.

Money. Matter. Attention. Status. Calories. Likes. Whatever the system values.

This isn’t a human invention. It’s older than us. Collecting points appears to be one of the universe’s favorite algorithms.

Rule two: growth feeds itself.

Once a node starts accumulating more than its neighbors, it gains an advantage. That advantage creates a feedback loop—what scientists call an autocatalytic reaction—where each gain makes the next gain easier.

Think compound interest.

Or viral spread.

Or popularity.

Two becomes four.

Four becomes eight.

Not because anyone planned it—but because the structure rewards early accumulation.

Rule three: distribution is uneven.

A small subset of nodes ends up disproportionately large.

Most do not.

That’s the 80/20 rule again.

To see this cycle in its purest form, look up.

In the early solar system, matter was distributed unevenly. One region accumulated slightly more mass. That mass increased gravitational pull. Increased pull attracted more matter.

Feedback kicked in.

The result?

The sun now holds 99.8% of the matter in the entire solar system.

Once the sun crossed a certain threshold, everything else became orbit.

This is what attraction looks like when stripped of morality.

Social networks behave the same way.

Psychiatrist Jacob Moreno visualized social structures using sociograms—diagrams where each person is a node, and connections represent relationships.

Nodes with more connections appear larger.

Nodes with fewer appear smaller.

The shapes are unmistakable.

A few large nodes dominate the network.

Many small nodes orbit them.

Some nodes barely connect at all.

Macro or micro.

Physical or social.

Matter or meaning.

Same geometry.

Historian Walter Scheidel illustrated this pattern vividly in The Great Leveler.

In prehistoric grave sites, archaeologists found that roughly 20% of the dead were buried with about 80% of the valuables.

Before markets.

Before capitalism.

Before written law.

The pattern was already there.

Which tells us something uncomfortable: inequality isn’t just cultural or political. It’s structural.

It emerges naturally in networked systems unless something actively disrupts it.

This doesn’t tell us what should happen.

It tells us what does happen.

Understanding that difference is the beginning of agency.

Because these same dynamics shape:

• Who gets heard
• Who gets funded
• Who gets promoted
• Who gets ignored
• Who gets stuck

They explain why some ideas compound while others vanish.

Why some people seem to live inside gravity wells of opportunity.

Why bad luck clusters—and so does good luck.

They don’t explain everything.

But they explain more than we’re comfortable admitting.

If you want to design better systems—or survive the ones you’re already in—you have to understand how attraction, accumulation, and feedback actually work.

That’s what this section is about.

Welcome to the field guide.

Continue to Baseball Bats and Dominance Hierarchies.